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THE
FOLLOWING IS AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN R.I. HOME--
LIVING &
DESIGN MAGAZINE, written by Master Chef George Karousos
JULY
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Ancient
Flavors
Fresh
approach of ancient flavors, this is the approach of the Greek cuisine
for thousands of years. In the book The Life of Luxury Archestratus,
published in Great Britain in 1994 we read the foundation of the
Greek cuisine and the modern cuisine today.
(This
remarkable and almost unique work was written in the 4 th century
BC by the poet Archestratus, from Gela, a Greek colony in Sicily.)
The complete text has long since vanished but these fragments or
quotations enshrined in a much later book by Athenaeus have come
down to us. Archestratus’ description of foods, particularly fish,
available, how they should be cooked and where found in the best
condition is precious testimony of the strength of the Mediterranean
culinary tradition. His style of cooking can best be called nouvelle
cuisine of the ancient world, and contrasts piquantly with
the elaborate and strongly flavoured dishes of Apicius, the much
later and perhaps coarser Roman author. The Greek verse has been
translated into prose by John Wilkins and Shaun Hill, who set it
in context in their introduction, and pursue byways of ancient Greek
cookery in their commentary.
Philosophy,
art, architecture, literature, astronomy, mathematics, medicine,
psychology, political theory, and sports were all profoundly influenced
by the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Their legacy to our culture continues
to affect our daily lives.
Preparing
and cooking food was a part of the Greek psyche. Hospitality and
a love for sumptuous feasts have always been included in the Greek
heritage and extend to friends and strangers alike. Food was a fascinating
subject and poets and philosophers of Sophocles’ time not only discussed
the merits of the Parthenon but also held long discourses on the
art of cookery. Sophisticated men’s clubs formed where gourmets
gathered to discuss the importance of different foods, native and
foreign, and virtually all the foods familiar to the world today
were known and used by the ancient Greeks. Indeed, the principles
and practice of fine cooking and gastronomy as we know them in Europe
and the United States today, were first established in the abundantly
stocked and highly creative kitchens of ancient Greece, and modern
Greeks still enjoy foods and tastes that inspired the chefs of antiquity.
In
order to better understand the development of the Greek cuisine
(and, indeed, the development of gastronomy), it would be useful
to reveal the expansion of ancient Greek civilization, the position
of the chef within society, the structure of the dining process
and the foods themselves.
The
modern Greek cuisine has the foundation of the fresh and seasonal
ingredients. Greek food is simple and down to earth, tied to and
making the most of the seasonal produce of each region. Greek cooks
and chefs don’t make stuffed tomatoes or eggplant spread in the
winter, although these vegetables are now available year round.
But how do these many and varied regional eating habits combine
to form Greek cooking? I believe that Greek cooking is, foremost,
the product of great ingenuity. Everyday the Greek cook or chef
manages to create a new dish from the same few, humble, seasonal
ingredients. Take, for example, the various wild greens and comestible
weeds that Greeks gather from the hills and fields. In many parts
of the country, wild greens (horta) fulfill an important role in
people’s diets. The greens are boiled and made into salad, or sautéed
with onions or garlic and supplemented with homemade pasta or cheese
to make a more substantial meal. Greens are also added to a flour-based
soup or porridge, or mixed with a batter and fried to make patties.
When meat or poultry is available, the greens can be added and finished
with avgolemono, the delicious Greek egg-and-lemon sauce,
to create a Sunday feast. And of course, wild greens are the basis
of many pies, flat and coiled.
Genuine,
uncomplicated dishes that are enticing, healthy, and delicious-this
is seasonal Greek cooking at its simplest and best. Fresh-tasting
spring lamb casserole, summery tomato and feta salad with purslane,
tuna with golden potatoes in autumn, or warming winter pork with
chickpeas.
Summer
- Start with sweet, ripe tomatoes, scented herbs and
plump, purple aubergines.
Autumn
– Start with delectable pine nuts, golden quinces
and fresh, ripe green olives.
Winter
– Start with ruby red beetroots, delicious dried beans
and comforting casseroles.
Spring
– Start with new leaves, fresh vegetables and glorious
fish and shellfish.
The
Benefits of Greek cooking:
Here
is where gastronomy and scientific research meet.
?
Each day, consume fruits, fresh vegetables, bread, cereal
or
dried vegetables products, cheese or yogurt, and olives
?Cook
and season with olive oil
?Drink
plenty of water and a little red wine
?Several
times a week, eat fish, chicken, eggs, and desserts
?Eat
red meat only three or four times a month
The
essence of Greek cuisine is its simplicity, fresh ingredients, rich
protective elements of fruits for health, rich protective elements
of vegetables, cereals, breads and grains, fish, meat, poultry and
eggs, milk and yogurt, olive oil and olives. The dishes may sometimes
be
frugal, but they are always wonderfully flavoured…..
Feta
Saganaki Serves 4
4
Tomatoes
2 cloves Garlic
1
bunch Basil
1lb.2oz. Feta
7-8
Black Olives
1 Red Bell Pepper
1
Pinch Paprika
1 Pinch Oregano
Olive Oil
Method:
Wash
tomatoes, pat dry, cut each one into 3 slices. Arrange the sliced
tomatoes in a small ovenproof dish. Scatter over thin slices of
peeled garlic and basil leaves. Arrange two cubes of feta on top
of each round of tomato.
Pit
and halve the olives. Wash and dry the pepper. Slice it in half
and remove the white membrane and seeds. Cut into strips. Arrange
the strips among the tomatoes, with the feta on top. Scatter the
black olives over the dish. Sprinkle the top of the dish with paprika
and oregano and drizzle with olive oil. Place the dish in an oven
preheated to 475° for 15 minutes. Garnish with a few basil leaves.
Saffron
Rice with Mussels and Baby Vegetables Serves
4
2¼
lb. Mussels
2-3 Carrots
1
Zucchini
1 Onion
2
cloves Garlic
½ cup Olive oil
scat
½ cup White wine
scant ½ cup Ouzo
3
cups Fish Stock
1 Bay
leaf
3
tsp. Saffron
Salt and Pepper
1¾
cups Long grain rice
1 bunch Arugula (rocket)
2 Tbsp. Wild
dill
Method:
Scrape
the mussel shells to get rid of any incrustations and remove the
beards. Cut the ends off the carrots, peel and slice into small
batons. Wash the zucchini and cut into batons. Peel and finely chop
the onion and garlic. Heat the olive oil in a large skillet, and
gently fry onion, garlic and carrots. Arrange the mussels on top
of the bed of vegetables in the skillet and leave them to simmer
for 5 minutes. Add the zucchini batons. Over the heat stir in the
wine, ouzo, fish stock, bay leaf, saffron, and season with salt
and pepper. Let cook for 4-5 minutes to bubbling, turn up the heat
and add the washed rice. Stir, then leave to cook for about 10 minutes
at a rolling boil.
Serve
hot, garnished with arugula leaves and sprigs of dill.
Ice
Cream on a Nest of Kadaifi and Morello Cherries Serves 4
Scant
¾ cup
Sugar
10 oz. Morello
cherries, pitted
7
oz. Kadaifi
Greek angel hair pasta
Mint leaves for garnish
Ice
cream (Your favorite)
Method:
Make
a syrup by heating a scant ¾ cup sugar in ? cup water. Spread the
kadaifi and separate the strands into 12 portions. Smooth them into
12 long ribbons, twist each ribbon loosely, and trim ends. Lay out
3 ribbons of kadaifi and plait them tightly. Make another 3 plaits.
Shape the plait into a round “nest” and bake in an oven preheated
to 320° for 10-15 minutes. Arrange each nest on a plate, put a scoop
of ice cream in the center, surround with cherries, and coat with
syrup. Garnish with mint.
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